Bantu people settled at the coast and the interior between 250 BC and 500 AD. Nilotic-speaking pastoralists (ancestral to Kenya's Nilotic speakers) began migrating from present-day South Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC. According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material, Cushitic speakers first settled in Kenya's lowlands between 3,200 and 1,300 BC, a phase known as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Kenya's earliest inhabitants were hunter-gatherers, like the present-day Hadza people. Its geography, climate and population vary widely, ranging from cold snow-capped mountaintops (Batian, Nelion and Point Lenana on Mount Kenya) with vast surrounding forests, wildlife and fertile agricultural regions to temperate climates in western and rift valley counties and dry less fertile arid and semi-arid areas and absolute deserts ( Chalbi Desert and Nyiri Desert). Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest, Ethiopia to the north, Somalia to the east, Uganda to the west, Tanzania to the south, and the Indian Ocean to the southeast. As of 2020, Kenya is the third-largest economy in sub-Saharan Africa after Nigeria and South Africa. Kisumu City is the third-largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria. Kenya's capital and largest city is Nairobi, while its oldest and second largest city, which until 1907 was also Kenya's first capital city, is the coastal city of Mombasa which includes Mombasa Island in the Indian Ocean and the sorrounding mainland. With a population of more than 47.6 million in the 2019 census, Kenya is the 27th most populous country in the world and 7th most populous in Africa. ![]() Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili: Jamhuri ya Kenya), is a country in East Africa. ![]() ![]() According to the CIA, estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of mortality because of AIDS this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex, than would otherwise be expected.
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